Hu KS

[AIM] Despite the high success rate of endodontic microsurgery (EMS), it is difficult to suggest EMS as a general treatment option considering the difficulty of the procedure. A surgical guide has been proposed to overcome this problem. Thi…

[IMPORTANCE] Stage I squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the glottic larynx carries a favorable prognosis after treatment with endoscopic surgery or radiation therapy (RT). In addition to tumor control, goals of therapy include preservation of…

The orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) is strongly associated with facial aging as its contraction causes the formation of crow's feet. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection is a representative treatment targeting muscle. The aim of this study …

The inherent two-dimensional (2D) nature of ultrasonography (US) limits its accuracy in visualizing complex intraoral structures. This proof-of-concept feasibility study introduces a novel approach integrating motion-capture technology and …

Bunny lines are vertical and diagonal wrinkles attributed to contractions of the nasalis muscle. Common management involves botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections into wrinkles immediately below the nasal bridge. Here, we investigated the anatom…

The utilization of botulinum neurotoxin in the field of body contouring is on the rise. Body contouring procedures typically focus on specific muscle groups such as the superior trapezius, deltoid, and lateral head of the triceps brachii. T…

[BACKGROUND] Computerized surgical planning (CSP) in osseous reconstruction of head and neck cancer defects has become a mainstay of treatment. However, the consequences of CSP-designed titanium plating systems on planning adjuvant radiatio…

[BACKGROUND] Crow's feet are bilateral orbital wrinkles formed by the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle, which is the target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection. [OBJECTIVES] This study's aim was to demonstrate a…

The mentalis muscle is now considered key structures when performing procedures for rejuvenating the lower face. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical morphology and location of the mentalis muscle and thereby provide anatom…

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection administered at an inappropriate site or depth can produce an unwanted change in facial animation because the depressor anguli oris (DAO) and depressor labii inferioris (DLI) muscles ar…

The first signs of face aging appear in the midface, so procedures such as botulinum toxin and filler injections are performed there. However, no guidelines based on clinical anatomy describing the muscular and vascular components in vivo h…

The aim of this study was to elucidate the distribution of the accessory nerve within the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) to aid identifying the optimum sites for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections and applying chemical neurolysis. Thi…

This study describes the nerve entry point and intramuscular nerve branching of the rhomboid major and minor, providing essential information for improved performance of botulinum toxin injections and electromyography. A modified Sihler met…

[BACKGROUND] Purse string lips, which include the vertical wrinkles over the lips, are frequently observed in aged individuals. Botulinum toxin and fillers are routinely injected into these areas to remove the wrinkles; however, the anatomy…

The aim of the study was to propose a more efficient and safer botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection method for the masseter by comparing the conventional blind injection and a novel ultrasonography (US)-guided injection technique in a …

An understanding of the location and depth of the facial artery (FA) is essential in aesthetic surgery and various cosmetic procedures. The purpose of this study was to clarify the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the exposed segment (E…

[BACKGROUND] Minimally invasive aesthetic procedures of the neck are becoming more popular. However, anatomical studies on the venous structures of the neck in relation to these procedures are lacking. [OBJECTIVE] The aims of this study we…

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections in the forehead region should only target the frontalis. This study applied ultrasonography with the aim of providing guidelines for predicting the layered structure and soft-tissue thickness of th…

[BACKGROUND] During periorbital noninvasive and surgical procedures, there is the risk of iatrogenic injury to the emerging point of the ophthalmic artery. This study aimed to determine the three-dimensional location of the emerging point o…

[BACKGROUND] Understanding the topography of the blood vessels distributed around the nasolabial fold region is essential for ensuring the safety of dermal filler injections into the nasolabial fold. The purpose of this study was to provide…

[PURPOSE] The objective of this study was to simplify the anatomically safe and reproducible approach for BoNT injection and to generate a detailed topographic map of the important anatomical structures of the temporal region by dividing th…

[BACKGROUND] The forehead is a common site for injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) to treat hyperactive facial muscles. Unexpected side effects of BoNT-A injection may occur because the anatomy of the forehead musculature is n…

[INTRODUCTION] We sought to the ideal sites for botulinum toxin injection by examining the intramuscular nerve patterns of the ankle invertors. [METHODS] A modified Sihler method was performed on the flexor hallucis longus, tibialis poster…

This study involved an extensive analysis of published research on the morphology of the temporalis muscle in order to provide an anatomical guideline on how to distinguish the temporalis muscle and temporalis tendon by observing the surfac…

[BACKGROUND] Despite the area of insertion of the facial portion of the platysma being broad and highly variable, the details of its pattern of extension and morphology are not well described in the medical literature. The aim of this study…

[BACKGROUND] The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery (Fbr) is vulnerable to damage triggered by iatrogenic manipulation by both dermal filler and BoNT-A injection. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the branching patte…

[BACKGROUND] Previous studies have revealed a variation in the origin and distribution patterns of the facial artery. However, the relationship between the facial artery and the facial muscles has not been well described. The purpose of thi…

[BACKGROUND] The superior labial artery, which is a branch of the facial artery, supplies the upper lip area. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of the superior labial artery and provide precise topographic info…

[BACKGROUND] The great auricular nerve (GAN) is often sacrificed during parotidectomy, rhytidectomy, and platysma flap operation. Transection of the nerve results in a wooden numbness of preauricular region, pain, and neuroma. The aim of th…