비대칭 Asymmetry

[INTRODUCTION] Selective myectomy has gained popularity for treating facial synkinesis. [OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES] We examined the combined effectiveness of depressor anguli oris (DAO), partial buccinator, and platysma myectomies. [STUDY…

[BACKGROUND] Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a prevalent and debilitating urological condition affecting approximately 2-10% of men globally, with a substantial impact on quality of life, productivity, and heal…

A 56-year-old patient presented to our dermatology clinic with asymmetric hyperpigmentation on her lower lip, which had developed over the previous six to twelve months. Her medical history included kidney and pancreas transplants, requirin…

Poland syndrome is a disorder characterized by hypoplasia or absence of the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, ipsilateral breast tissue, and associated excavatum deformities. The underlying mechanism of Poland syndrome is thought to be em…

[INTRODUCTION] Botulinum toxin injections have transformed aesthetic treatments, improving patient confidence and emotional well-being. Eyebrow position plays a vital role in facial expression, yet botulinum toxin use in the forehead can ca…

[BACKGROUND] Abdominoplasty is a widely performed procedure to improve abdominal contour, particularly in patients with significant weight loss or postpartum changes. Despite advances in technique, scar visibility and asymmetry remain commo…

[BACKGROUND] Breast augmentation remains one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures worldwide. However, the reoperation rate following mammoplasty reaches up to 36%, with implant malposition being a major cause of revision surge…

[BACKGROUND] Post-radiation fibrosis and vascular compromise significantly complicate elective breast surgeries in previously irradiated patients, despite a high incidence of post-treatment asymmetry and macromastia. This study evaluates co…

[OBJECTIVES] External nasal deformity in patients with cleft lip and palate causes both functional and aesthetic problems. Corrective rhinoplasty using a reverse U-shaped incision and suturing of the alar cartilage is not always successful.…

: Facial palsy causes both functional and aesthetic impairments, with asymmetry significantly affecting quality of life. Botulinum toxin injections are increasingly used to restore facial balance by reducing contralateral hyperactivity, but…

The zygomaticus major and minor (ZMa/ZMi) are key determinants of smile dynamics and midface contour, yet they exhibit substantial morphological variability-including bifid or multibellied bellies, accessory slips, and atypical insertions. …

Essential tremor (ET) is a chronic, progressive condition classically affecting the hands and arms, is typically bilateral, and may be asymmetric. Tremor related disability can impact mood and quality of life. Disease progression and patien…

The goal of the article is to help surgeons understand the anatomy and surgical technique of alloplastic and osseous genioplasty.The article provides a brief history of cosmetic osseous genioplasty and the rise of alloplastic genioplasty af…

[INTRODUCTION] The two-flap technique, superior pedicle flap and central pedicle retro glandular (RG) flap, represents a novel advancement in breast reduction surgery, addressing issues such as upper pole deflation, asymmetry, and overall b…

[BACKGROUND] Postoperative nasal asymmetry is a common secondary deformity following correction of unilateral cleft lip, with insufficient structural reinforcement along the nasal midline representing a key etiological factor. [PURPOSE] To…

Preoperative surgical planning for alar reduction remains challenging due to the lack of objective references in traditional measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to objectively quantify preoperative bilateral alar symmetry using 3D bes…

[BACKGROUND] Breast conservation surgery (BCS) evolved with oncoplastic techniques to improve aesthetic outcomes while maintaining oncological safety. However, a lack of objective criteria for selecting appropriate reconstruction techniques…

[BACKGROUND] The insertion of implants and tip plasties has been performed in Asian patients for an attractive and higher nasal profile, which can result in diverse tip deformations such as notching, pinching, alar retraction, incompetent e…

Bell's palsy, or idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy, is characterized by the sudden onset of facial muscle paralysis resulting from damage to the facial nerve fibers. The diagnosis is typically established through clinical evaluation,…

[BACKGROUND] Masseter muscle hypertrophy (MMH) is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the masseter muscles, leading to facial asymmetry, pain, and functional issues. Traditionally treated through surgical resection, Botulinum to…