보툴리눔독소 주사 Botulinum Toxin Injection

Patients with head and neck cancer commonly experience severe neuropathic pain. This pain is often challenging to treat and may be refractory to standard analgesic approaches. We describe the use of subcutaneous Botox injections to manage p…

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is a widely used biologic therapeutic, yet the influence of natural toxin sequence variation on the stability of neutralizing antibody binding remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed a com…

[OBJECTIVE] This study aimed to investigate the association between botulinum toxin type A treatment and changes in spasticity and abnormal flexor synergies in patients with chronic stroke. [SUBJECTS] Twenty-eight patients with chronic str…

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used clinically, yet its temporary effects require repeated injections that increase cost and inconvenience. Claims that repeated BoNT-A use alters efficacy lack rigorous evaluation. Un…

[BACKGROUND] Aging-related changes of the mandibular margin are common, and with increasing aesthetic awareness, the demand for non-surgical jawline rejuvenation is growing. [OBJECTIVES] To compare the efficacy and safety of a facial biome…

[BACKGROUND] The definition of health encompasses mental, emotional, and social well-being, rather than simply the absence of disease. As a result, corrective aesthetic treatments are increasingly being viewed as an integral component of ov…

Challenges remain in measuring functional upper limb (UL) outcomes following Botulinum Toxin A (BTX-A) injections for muscle spasticity. Few measures exist to evaluate personally meaningful UL performance. The Upper Limb Performance Assessm…

[OBJECTIVE] The demand for cosmetic surgery on the face and body has increased worldwide. Brazil is currently the world leader in open plastic surgery and second on facelift, buccal fat removal, injectables (fillers), and thread lifts. The …

Reflex tearing during micturition and defecation is an unusual occurrence, with only a few documented cases in the literature. We present a case of a 46-year-old female who has experienced reflex tearing during both micturition and defecati…

[BACKGROUND] To investigate the prognostic influence of preoperative cognitive function, self-efficacy, and postoperative psychological counselling on treatment response following botulinum toxin injections in patients with anxiety and depr…

Background Facial synkinesis describes a sequela of transient facial nerve injury that can occur following viral reactivation syndromes such Bell's palsy or following traumatic facial nerve injury. Facial synkinesis is frequently characteri…

Pathogenic variants in CACNA1C have been associated with cardiac arrhythmias and neurodevelopmental disorders, occasionally accompanied by movement disorders. Here we report the case of a 66-year-old female patient with combined dystonia-pa…

[BACKGROUND] Task-specific orofacial tremor is a rare condition in which rhythmic oscillations of orofacial muscles occur during specific actions. Drinking tremor represents a recurrent pattern in isolated reports, although its phenomenolog…

[PURPOSE OF REVIEW] First- and second-line medical and surgical therapies for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) may have limited efficacy or tolerability in some individuals. In addition, even when these therapies are initially successful, efficacy…

[BACKGROUND & AIMS] Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) can produce bothersome urinary symptoms, impact quality of life, and in some cases, lead to deterioration of upper urinary tract function. Intradetrusor injection of ona…

Hypertrophic scarring is characterized by excessive dermal fibrosis and irregular collagen metabolism, mediated by fibroblasts derived from keloids. This condition typically arises from improper wound healing after deep burns, trauma, or su…