Osseointegration from the perspective of the plastic surgeon.

This review summarizes some aspects of osseointegration. The principles, implant type and design, surgical technique, and results are reviewed. A large number of patients have been followed after intraoral reconstruction using osseointegrated implants. The success rates are 95 percent in the maxilla and 99 percent in the mandible. In craniofacial reconstruction, results vary from 98 percent success in the temporal area to as low as 48 percent in the radiated orbit. Some early experience with finger joint reconstruction, bone-anchored finger prostheses, and major amputations are reviewed.