Pitfalls in orthognathic surgery: avoidance and management of complications.

Complications in orthognathic surgery may arise at any point in the patient's treatment: during preoperative planning, during perioperative orthodontic care, or during the surgery itself. This article addresses the complications that arise as a result of the intraoperative technique. In this article, complications are grouped by procedure. The initial discussion focuses on complications occurring during maxillary surgery, namely the LeFort I type osteotomy. The second section discusses complications occurring during mandibular procedures, the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and genioplasty.