Feasibility and Clinical Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Straight-Incision Endodontic Microsurgery Guided by 3-Dimensional Printed Templates: A Retrospective Case Series.

[INTRODUCTION] Endodontic microsurgery (EMS) is a minimally invasive treatment for persistent periapical lesions. This study evaluates the accuracy and outcomes of a straight-incision EMS guided by 3-dimensional (3D)-printed template, with at least 1 year of follow-up.

[METHODS] Twelve teeth from nine patients underwent minimally invasive straight-incision EMS using 3D-printed templates and a trephine for both osteotomy and root-end resection. Clinical outcomes, deviations in resection length and angle, and mucosal incision healing were retrospectively assessed.

[RESULTS] Trephine-based root-end resection was successful in all cases, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Clinical and radiographic evaluations confirmed success in all patients after 1 year. Median resection length deviation was 0.79 mm (95% confidence interval: 0.49-1.16), and angular deviation was 19° (95% confidence interval: 8.03-25.47). All cases showed favorable and rapid wound healing, except for case 12.

[CONCLUSIONS] Straight-incision EMS guided by 3D-printed templates is a precise, minimally invasive, and esthetically favorable technique that enables accurate root-end resection and promotes effective healing.