Good and bad indications for adjuvant radiotherapy after transoral laser microsurgery for laryngeal cancer.

[PURPOSE OF REVIEW] To summarize current evidence regarding the indication of adjuvant treatment after transoral laser microsurgery (TOLMS).

[RECENT FINDINGS] Apart from well known risk factors, margins represent the key point in the decision-making. If margins are affected, additional treatment is mandatory. One exception could be the presence of one superficial margin in early tumors that can be strictly followed up by fiberendoscopy. As a general rule, the best option is margin-revision surgery by repeating TOLMS or switching to open partial surgery. (Chemo)radiotherapy can be also considered, being total laryngectomy the last alternative. In locally advanced tumors with uncertain margins (e.g. posterior paraglottic space invasion, vertical anterior commissure reaching the cartilage during primary resection), adjuvant treatment may improve local control with laser but with little impact on disease-specific or overall survival. In this scenario, QoL may be in part reduced after radiotherapy, although recent studies suggest that functional outcomes are favorable. Therefore, decision should be discussed individually with the patient, especially if a total laryngectomy is the only alternative after a possible relapse.

[SUMMARY] Considerable work needs to be done to identify those cases that may benefit from adjuvant treatment after TOLMS, including a detailed description of functional outcomes.