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A prospective study of serum lidocaine levels in cosmetic facial surgery patients was undertaken. The findings challenge the currently accepted minimal lethal dose (MLD) for lidocaine. Complete simultaneous facial analgesia (CSFA) was accom…

This article describes a procedure to perform abdominoplasty, liposuction, and combined operations under local anesthesia. With an anesthetic solution composed of 25 cc of 2% lidocaine, 25 cc of 0.5% bupivacaine, 1 cc of epinephrine or orni…

Many plastic surgery procedures that have traditionally been performed under general endotracheal anesthesia may safely be undertaken using a ketamine-based intravenous sedation technique. General endotracheal anesthesia has many drawbacks,…

The author reports on his experience with a new form of local anaesthesia in cosmetic surgery, namely a cream for local application produced by the Swedish firm ASTRA under the name of EMLA. It is a mixture of prilocaine and lidocaine. The …

Local anesthesia is appropriate for eyelid surgery, but patients fear the pain of injections. We evaluated iontophoresis of lidocaine for eyelid skin anesthesia to pinprick pain sensation in normal subjects, and prior to regional infiltrati…

High thoracic epidural anesthesia was administered by anesthetists in 20 patients undergoing submuscular breast augmentation. An average of 12 ml of 2% lidocaine was instilled after sedation with midazolam, 2-6 mg. The augmentation procedur…

Six patients with retracted unilateral upper eyelid were operated on by cutting the levator and Muller's muscles under local anesthesia. 1% lidocaine was infiltrated into the eyelid and the tissues superficial to the orbicularis oculi muscl…

Many plastic surgical procedures are dependent on or aided by the use of local anesthetics. Drug toxicity, although uncommon, is the most feared complication of this technique. There are multiple factors that lead to varying drug levels. Th…

Tissue expansion has achieved a prominent role in soft-tissue reconstruction. Expansion-induced pain is often a limiting factor in this process and can affect patients for as long as 24 to 48 hours following each expansion session. Although…

A harmonious facial appearance is determined by a balanced relationship among all tissues of the face. With advancing age, balance is lost among the bone, muscle, fat, and skin as progressive changes occur in their volume, shape, position, …

Intravenous ketamine dissociation anesthesia combined with epinephrine solution infiltration may provoke serious tachyarrhythmias despite diazepam premedication and the use of minimal doses of both drugs. We use a dose of 0.5 mg of ketamine…

An injectable form of bovine dermal collagen has been developed for use in correcting cutaneous contour deficiencies. This material is a sterile device composed predominantly of highly purified type I collagen dispersed in phosphate-buffere…

This technique produces patient cooperation during the phase of local anesthetic injection by judicious use of intravenous ketamine. The addition of diazepam and a narcotic drug to low-dose ketamine may account for a low incidence of halluc…

The ideal local anesthetic agent for facial plastic surgery should have rapid onset, good surgical anesthesia, and reasonably long duration. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare 1% lidocaine hydroch…

During the past 3 years, we have performed various breast operations in 320 patients under local anesthesia, using intercostal nerve block. The amount of local anesthetic solution required has been about 20 ml 1% lidocaine for blocking both…

Abnormal bleeding after a face lift was found to be due to a profound interference in platelet function caused by clofibrate and xylocaine acting synergistically. This did not appear to be an idiosyncratic reaction to either of the drugs, a…

[BACKGROUND] Rhinoplasty is acknowledged as one of the most commonly conducted facial plastic surgical procedures worldwide. Periorbital ecchymosis and edema pose considerable postoperative complications that influence patient satisfaction …