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A totally computerised program has been developed which undertakes the 2-dimensional planning of a complete maxillo-facial reconstruction using Le Fort I, II & III, Wassmund, Schuchardt, Küfner, Köle, Dingman, Obwegeser and VSS osteotomies …

Conventional orthodontic correction of the Class II deep-bite deformity with a decreased lower anterior facial height tendency can be mechanically difficult, inefficient and, in many instances, impossible. Orthodontic treatment alone of eit…

In this report the pathophysiology of maxillary hypoplasia is reviewed, and two patients who underwent surgical treatment described. Included in the analyses are illustrations and photographs of the face, cephalometric measurements, predict…

Oral animation, such as opening and closing the lips, smiling, or laughing, leads to muscular tension over the skin and the soft tissues of the chin. The "S"-like labiomental line presents a variable scope of curves, from a full curve, thro…

Cosmetic surgery has witnessed explosive growth over the past few years, and with this has come growth in male aesthetic surgery. Increases have been seen in the number of nonsurgical as well as surgical treatments. Rhinoplasty, hair transp…

[BACKGROUND] The nasal ala region significantly affects facial aesthetics and function. Botulinum toxin injections may enhance nasal appearance, but their precise impact on underlying muscles remains unexplored. Understanding the muscular a…

[AIMS] Migraine is a global phenomenon, affecting more than 10% of the world's population. It is characterized by unilateral headache that may be accompanied by vomiting, nausea, photophobia and phonophobia. Some patients with chronic migra…

With the advent of newer injectables with less immunogenicity and greater longevity, nonsurgical rhinoplasty has become a viable alternative to surgery. An understanding of the surgical anatomy of the nose, particularly in a postrhinoplasty…

[OBJECTIVE] Artecoll (Canderm Pharma Inc, Canada) is a semipermanent, injectable, soft tissue filler composed of uniform polymethylmethacrylate microspheres in a bovine collagen gel, which has been used in Europe over the past decade. The a…

The use of fillers for nonsurgical rhinoplasty has advanced in both materials and methods, and continues to gain popularity in North America. This technique is most often used for secondary revisions, although reports of fillers used in pri…

A growing number of patients with congenital or acquired nasal defects is seeking nonsurgical procedures to correct the appearance of their nose. The use of fillers for the correction of nasal deformities is expanding because of their low r…

Within the past decade, Asian economies have grown exponentially, resulting in increased personal wealth and subsequent consumption of cosmetic procedures. Asian cosmetic surgery procedures in Western countries have also seen a growth patte…

[BACKGROUND] Asians characteristically have flat or broad and round facial features. These characteristics are primarily attributable to enlarged and widened jawbones, impressive muscles associated with mastication, and a zygomatic arch inv…

Cosmetic surgery of the Asian face has become increasingly popular in the Far East and the West. The Asian male identity has undergone an evolution in Western media toward a more positive change. The standards of beauty have also changed, b…