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A Pilot Study of Differences in Antibody Responses of Intradermal and Intramuscular Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A.
[INTRODUCTION] Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is commonly used for both medical and aesthetic purposes. However, approximately 3% of long-term recipients develop resistance, potentially due to antibody formation. Injection technique may in…
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Duration of bite force reduction following a single injection of botulinum toxin in the masseter muscle bilaterally: A one-year non-randomized trial.
[BACKGROUND] Previous studies concerning the effect of botulinum toxin in masseter muscle have mainly reported effects observed through inspection of facial features or differences in pain levels. One systematic review of studies utilizing …
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Intradermal Micro-Dosing of AbobotulinumtoxinA for Face-Lifting: How Long Does It Last?
[INTRODUCTION] Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) has been used off-label by many clinicians for face-lifting. Previous studies on abobotulinumtoxinA (ABO) (Dysport®; Ipsen Biopharm Ltd.) have demonstrated clinical eff…