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A Pilot Study of Differences in Antibody Responses of Intradermal and Intramuscular Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A.
[INTRODUCTION] Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is commonly used for both medical and aesthetic purposes. However, approximately 3% of long-term recipients develop resistance, potentially due to antibody formation. Injection technique may in…
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Intradermal injection of incobotulinumtoxinA for face lifting.
Intradermal injection of botulinumtoxinA (BoNT/A) has been used off-label by many clinicians for the purpose of face-lifting effect. Some studies on AbobotulinumtoxinA (AboA) demonstrated clinical efficacy on face-lifting effect when compar…
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Intradermal Micro-Dosing of AbobotulinumtoxinA for Face-Lifting: How Long Does It Last?
[INTRODUCTION] Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) has been used off-label by many clinicians for face-lifting. Previous studies on abobotulinumtoxinA (ABO) (Dysport®; Ipsen Biopharm Ltd.) have demonstrated clinical eff…
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The effect of pre-operative topical anaesthetic cream on the ablative width and coagulative depth of ablative fractional resurfacing laser.
Topical anaesthetic cream (TAC) is commonly used as a pre-treatment of ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR) laser. Most of anaesthetic cream contains distilled water as major component. Therefore, pre-operative TAC may interfere the photot…