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Botulinum toxin-induced masseter muscle atrophy is associated with impaired autophagic flux without signs of apoptosis in mice.
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection into the masseter muscle is widely used for clinical and esthetic purposes. Masseter muscle atrophy is a secondary effect of transient neuromuscular blockade induced by BoNTA. While muscle atrophy ha…
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Unilateral Hypofunction of the Masseter Leads to Molecular and 3D Morphometric Signs of Atrophy in Ipsilateral Agonist Masticatory Muscles in Adult Mice.
Mice are commonly used to study mandibular dynamics due to their similarity in chewing cycle patterns with humans. Adult mice treated unilaterally with botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in the masseter exhibit atrophy of this muscle characteri…
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In vitro and in vivo studies using non-traditional bisphosphonates.
Non-traditional bisphosphonates, that is, bisphosphonates that do not inhibit osteoclast viability or function, were initially reported in the 1990s by Socrates Papapoulos' group. Originally designed to study the role of the R1 residue of a…
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Mandibular Bone Loss after Masticatory Muscles Intervention with Botulinum Toxin: An Approach from Basic Research to Clinical Findings.
The injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in the masticatory muscles, to cause its temporary paralysis, is a widely used intervention for clinical disorders such as oromandibular dystonia, sleep bruxism, and aesthetics (i.e., massete…
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Masseter muscle atrophy impairs bone quality of the mandibular condyle but not the alveolar process early after induction.
[BACKGROUND] Masseter muscle function influences mandibular bone homeostasis. As previously reported, bone resorption markers increased in the mouse mandibular condyle two days after masseter paralysis induced with botulinum toxin type A (B…
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Early molecular response and microanatomical changes in the masseter muscle and mandibular head after botulinum toxin intervention in adult mice.
[BACKGROUND] Masseter muscle paralysis induced by botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) evokes subchondral bone loss in mandibular heads of adult rats and growing mice after 4 weeks. However, the primary cellular and molecular events leading to al…