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Botulinum toxin-induced masseter muscle atrophy is associated with impaired autophagic flux without signs of apoptosis in mice.
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection into the masseter muscle is widely used for clinical and esthetic purposes. Masseter muscle atrophy is a secondary effect of transient neuromuscular blockade induced by BoNTA. While muscle atrophy ha…