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Chemodenervation Algorithm: Functional and Aesthetic Considerations for Facial Harmony in Patients with Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis.
Management of post-facial paralysis synkinesis has evolved for the past decade with diversification of neuromuscular retraining, chemodenervation, and advanced surgical reanimation techniques. Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin-A is a co…
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Modified Selective Neurectomy for the Treatment of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis.
[BACKGROUND] To address functional and smile dysfunction associated with post-facial paralysis synkinesis, the senior author (B.A.) has offered "modified selective neurectomy" of the lower division of the facial nerve as a long-term solutio…
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Physical therapy for facial nerve palsy: applications for the physician.
[PURPOSE OF REVIEW] The aim of this study was to describe the current state of physical therapy for facial nerve palsy, the evidence basis for these interventions and how therapy can be integrated with other medical and surgical interventio…
- Reply re: "Treating Buccinator with Botulinum Toxin in Patients with Facial Synkinesis: A Previously Overlooked Target".
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Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Facial Paralysis.
This article reviews the current literature supporting the use of botulinum toxin in producing symmetric facial features and reducing unwanted, involuntary movements. Methods, protocols, and adverse events are discussed. Additionally, the a…
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Treating Buccinator With Botulinum Toxin in Patients With Facial Synkinesis: A Previously Overlooked Target.
[OBJECTIVE] Synkinesis after facial nerve injury produces functional and cosmetic concerns for patients. The purpose of this study was to review the authors' experience of treating buccinator synkinesis with botulinum toxin. [METHODS] This…