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Combination of PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade and Botulinum Toxin Type A1 Improves Antitumor Responses in Mouse Tumor Models of Melanoma and Colon Carcinoma.
[BACKGROUND] Tumor innervation has been shown to be utilized by some solid cancers to support tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis, as well as confer resistance to immune checkpoint blockade through suppression of antitumor…
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Comparative Pharmacodynamics of Three Different Botulinum Toxin Type A Preparations following Repeated Intramuscular Administration in Mice.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) causes muscle paralysis by blocking cholinergic signaling at neuromuscular junctions and is widely used to temporarily correct spasticity-related disorders and deformities. The paralytic effects of BoNT/…
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Model-Based Prediction to Evaluate Residence Time of Hyaluronic Acid Based Dermal Fillers.
Dermal fillers are gel-type substances for nonsurgical medical-device use to achieve facial rejuvenation. Currently, the most widely used skin fillers are hyaluronic-acid-based dermal fillers. This study aimed to explain the change in the v…
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Comparative Analysis of Hyaluronidase-Mediated Degradation Among Seven Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in Hairless Mice.
[PURPOSE] Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the most common injectable dermal filler used for soft-tissue augmentation, and can be removed non-surgically by directly injecting hyaluronidase. In this study, the hyaluronidase-mediated degradation of di…
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Comparative Analyses of Inflammatory Response and Tissue Integration of 14 Hyaluronic Acid-Based Fillers in Mini Pigs.
[PURPOSE] Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dermal fillers have been approved for various clinical indications, both cosmetic and medical. Previous studies that have assessed the performance of HA dermal fillers have primarily focused on evaluatin…
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Safety verification for polysorbate 20, pharmaceutical excipient for intramuscular administration, in Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits.
Human serum albumin (HSA) has been widely used as a pharmaceutical excipient in Botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A) products that are indicated for use in therapeutics and cosmetics. However, HSA as a human-derived material has some concern…
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Comparative Pharmacodynamics Study of 3 Different Botulinum Toxin Type A Preparations in Mice.
[BACKGROUND] A new complexing protein-free botulinum toxin Type A (CBoNT) with the same mechanism of action as the botulinum toxin complex onabotulinumtoxinA (OBoNT) and complexing protein-free incobotulinumtoxinA (IBoNT) was recently devel…