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Combination of PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade and Botulinum Toxin Type A1 Improves Antitumor Responses in Mouse Tumor Models of Melanoma and Colon Carcinoma.
[BACKGROUND] Tumor innervation has been shown to be utilized by some solid cancers to support tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis, as well as confer resistance to immune checkpoint blockade through suppression of antitumor…
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Guidelines for the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Otolaryngology From the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics Guideline Task Force.
The Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics created a task force to establish clinical practice guidelines for the use of botulinum toxin (BT) in otolaryngology. We selected 10 disease categories: spasmodic dysphonia, esse…
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Comparative Pharmacodynamics of Three Different Botulinum Toxin Type A Preparations following Repeated Intramuscular Administration in Mice.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) causes muscle paralysis by blocking cholinergic signaling at neuromuscular junctions and is widely used to temporarily correct spasticity-related disorders and deformities. The paralytic effects of BoNT/…
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Anatomical locations of the motor endplates of sartorius muscle for botulinum toxin injections in treatment of muscle spasticity.
[PURPOSE] This study aimed to detect the idyllic locations for botulinum neurotoxin injection by analyzing the intramuscular neural distributions of the sartorius muscles. [METHODS] An altered Sihler's staining was conducted on sartorius m…
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Resection of Septal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Primary Reconstruction of the Surgical Defect via Open Rhinoplasty.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is one of the most common minor salivary gland malignancies of the head and neck region. However, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasal septum is extremely rare. The authors herein report a case of a septal adenoid …
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Nodular fasciitis presenting as a parotid tumour after face lifting.
Nodular fasciitis, a benign, pseudosarcomatous proliferative lesion of the soft tissue, is frequently misinterpreted as a sarcoma, both clinically and microscopically. Lesions associated with the parotid gland have been very rarely reported…