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A proof-of-concept study on the effectiveness of botulinum toxin on spasticity plus syndrome in multiple sclerosis.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin (BoNT) might improve spasticity-plus syndrome (SPS) in multiple sclerosis (MS) through peripheral inhibition of muscle contraction and central modulation of pain pathways, as hypothesized for migraine headaches.…
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Efficacy and safety of long-term botulinum toxin treatment for acquired cervical dystonia: a 25-year follow-up.
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) is the first-line treatment for idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD) and is widely used in the clinical setting. To date, scanty data are available on the effectiveness of BoNT in treating acquired cervical dystonia…
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The Minor's test in Frey syndrome treated with botulinum toxin: Methodology and efficacy.
In this paper, we aimed at methodologically presenting a video-case of Frey Syndrome occurred after parotidectomy, assessed by means of Minor's Test and treated with intradermic botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection. Although largely describ…
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Persistence with Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Spasticity Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis.
Botulinum toxin (BT) is an effective treatment for spasticity symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its wide use in clinical practices, only few studies have explored long-term persistence. We aim to evaluate the rate of discontinuat…
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Data-driven clustering of combined Functional Motor Disorders based on the Italian registry.
[INTRODUCTION] Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) represent nosological entities with no clear phenotypic characterization, especially in patients with multiple (combined FMDs) motor manifestations. A data-driven approach using cluster analy…
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Botulinum toxin for the management of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: the Italian botulinum toxin network study.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin (BT) is an effective and safe treatment for spasticity, with limited evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aim to describe the use of BT for the management of MS spasticity in the clinical practice, its combin…
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Long-Term Abobotulinumtoxin A Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.
Botulinum toxin is considered as first-line therapy for cervical dystonia, but few papers have addressed these issues in the long term. Aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxin A (A/Abo) in…
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Clinical differences between botulinum neurotoxin type A and B.
In humans, the therapeutic use of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is well recognized and continuously expanding. Four BoNTs are widely available for clinical practice: three are serotype A and one is serotype B: onabotulinumtoxinA (A/Ona), …
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Botulinum Toxin A and B in sialorrhea: Long-term data and literature overview.
[INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES] In recent years, Botulinum Toxin has been shown to be efficacious and safe in the treatment of sialorrhea, but scanty data are available on its long term use. The aim of this study was to investigate adverse ev…