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Significantly lower antigenicity of incobotulinumtoxin than abo- or onabotulinumtoxin.
[BACKGROUND] For many indications, BoNT/A is repetitively injected with the risk of developing neutralizing antibodies (NABs). Therefore, it is important to analyze whether there is a difference in antigenicity between the different license…
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Lessons about Botulinum Toxin A Therapy from Cervical Dystonia Patients Drawing the Course of Disease: A Pilot Study.
[AIM OF THE STUDY] To compare the course of severity of cervical dystonia (CD) before and after long-term botulinum toxin (BoNT) therapy to detect indicators for a good or poor clinical outcome. [PATIENTS AND METHODS] A total of 74 outpati…
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The complex relationship between antibody titers and clinical outcome in botulinum toxin type A long-term treated patients with cervical dystonia.
[BACKGROUND] Repeated injections with abo- or onabotulinumtoxin type A (aboBoNT/A, onaBoNT/A) may lead to induction of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) and/or a secondary treatment failure (STF). The relation between NABs and STF is still unc…
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The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Lockdown on a Botulinum Toxin Outpatient Clinic in Germany.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) injections have to be administered repeatedly to achieve a rather stable, high level of improvement. This study aimed to take a look at changes in the daily routine of a BoNT/A outpatient clinic due to t…
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Effective long-term treatment with incobotulinumtoxin (Xeomin®) without neutralizing antibody induction: a monocentric, cross-sectional study.
[BACKGROUND] Among the spectrum of licensed botulinum neurotoxin preparations incobotulinumtoxin (incoBoNT/A; Xeomin®) is the only one which does not contain complex proteins. Therefore, incoBoNT/A has been suggested to have a low antigenic…
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Clinical Implications of Difference in Antigenicity of Different Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Preparations: Clinical Take-Home Messages from Our Research Pool and Literature.
The three different botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) preparations being licensed in Europe and the U.S. differ in protein content, which seems to be a major factor influencing the antigenicity of BoNT/A. In the present study, several argumen…
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The Extreme Ends of the Treatment Response Spectrum to Botulinum Toxin in Cervical Dystonia.
[BACKGROUND] The response to BoNT is not uniform; a broad spectrum of responses and side-effects usually occurs. This study aimed to show special cervical dystonia cases with therapy response very different to normal treatment course which …