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13건 · 최신순-
Significantly lower antigenicity of incobotulinumtoxin than abo- or onabotulinumtoxin.
[BACKGROUND] For many indications, BoNT/A is repetitively injected with the risk of developing neutralizing antibodies (NABs). Therefore, it is important to analyze whether there is a difference in antigenicity between the different license…
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Botulinum toxin antibody titres: measurement, interpretation, and practical recommendations.
Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy may be blocked by antibodies (BT-AB) resulting in BT-AB induced therapy failure (ABF). BT-AB may be detected by the mouse lethality assay (MLA), the mouse diaphragm assay (MDA) and the sternocleidomastoid test (…
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The immunology of botulinum toxin therapy: A brief summary.
Like all proteins foreign to the human body, also botulinum toxin (BT) is antigenic and may stimulate an immune response with formation of antibodies (BT-AB). Affected patients may no longer respond to BT therapy and various degrees of BT-A…
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Long-term adherence and response to botulinum toxin in different indications.
[OBJECTIVE] The objective of the study was the analysis of adherence and self-perceived treatment response to long-term botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment in different neurological indications. [METHODS] In this retrospective, …
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Do complexing proteins provide mechanical protection for botulinum neurotoxins?
Botulinum toxin (BT) consists of botulinum neurotoxin and complexing proteins (CPs). CPs might provide mechanical protection for botulinum neurotoxin. As incobotulinumtoxinA (INCO, Xeomin®) does not contain CPs, we wanted to compare its mec…
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Botulinum toxin type D blocks autonomic cholinergic synapses in humans: discussion of a potential therapeutic use.
Based on epidemiological data it was believed that botulinumtoxin type D (BT-D) may not block human cholinergic synapses. We wanted to investigate BT-D's effect on the autonomic cholinergic synapse in humans. For this, we compared in four v…
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Comparing lanbotulinumtoxinA (Hengli) with onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) in the mouse hemidiaphragm assay.
LanbotulinumtoxinA (LAN) is manufactured and registered in China since 1994. Despite its widespread use in China and its increasing use in other Asian countries and in South America, it is not yet well known elsewhere. We wanted to compare …
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Clinical relevance of neutralizing antibodies in botulinum toxin long-term treated still-responding patients with cervical dystonia.
[BACKGROUND] The aim of the study was to test the clinical relevance of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) still responding to repeat injections with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A). [METHODS] Enzyme-lin…
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Comparing incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) and onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®): identical potency labelling in the hemidiaphragm assay.
Botulinum toxin (BT) is provided by several manufacturers producing a number of different drugs. Their potency is given in internationally standardised mouse units (MU). Clinical practise, however, reveals that the potency labelling of diff…
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Immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy.
Botulinum toxin (BT) is used in many medical specialties to treat muscle hyperactivity, exocrine gland hyperactivity and pain disorders. BT drugs consist of botulinum neurotoxin (BNT), complexing proteins (CP) and excipients. Antibodies can…
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Long-term stability of reconstituted incobotulinumtoxinA: how can we reduce costs of botulinum toxin therapy?
Botulinum neurotoxin (BNT), the biologically active component of botulinum toxin (BT), is a large double-stranded protein susceptible to various physical and chemical influences. All BT type A (BT-A) drugs are stored as powders allowing she…
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Botulinum toxin therapy: reduction of injection site pain by pH normalisation.
Botulinum toxin (BT) is injected intramuscularily and may produce injection site pain (ISP). We wanted to explore whether the pH value of the reconstituted BT drug contributes to ISP and, if so, what strategies can be applied to reduce it. …
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Reconstituting botulinum toxin drugs: shaking, stirring or what?
Most botulinum toxin (BT) drugs are stored as powders which need to be reconstituted with normal saline before clinical use. As botulinum neurotoxin (BNT), the therapeutically active ingredient, is a large double-stranded protein the proces…