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Preventive Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin Long-Term Therapy: Comparison of the 'Experienced' Benefits and 'Suspected' Worsening Across Disease Entities.
Repetitive intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) have become the treatment of choice for a variety of disease entities. But with the onset of BoNT therapy, the natural course of a disease is obscured. Nevertheless, the pre…
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Effects of Combined Vibration Ergometry and Botulinum Toxin on Gait Improvement in Asymmetric Lower Limb Spasticity: A Pilot Study.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) injections and the new vibration ergometry training (VET) are studied for their combined effect on improving functional mobility in patients with asymmetric lower limb spasticity. Gait was analyzed usin…
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Secondary Treatment Failure and Immunogenicity With Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Multiple Indications.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is recommended for the treatment of cervical dystonia (CD), spasticity, and blepharospasm. Some patients treated with BoNT-A have been reported to develop neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against B…
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Complete Improvement of Severe Forearm Complex Regional Pain Syndrome with Six High-Dose Incobotulinumtoxin A Injections: Clinical Implications with Respect to the Literature.
There is some evidence that injections of botulinum neurotoxin effectively reduce pain in complex regional pain syndromes (CRPSs). But no or little experience appears to exist for the application of incobotulinum neurotoxin type A (incoBoNT…
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Significantly lower antigenicity of incobotulinumtoxin than abo- or onabotulinumtoxin.
[BACKGROUND] For many indications, BoNT/A is repetitively injected with the risk of developing neutralizing antibodies (NABs). Therefore, it is important to analyze whether there is a difference in antigenicity between the different license…
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Lessons about Botulinum Toxin A Therapy from Cervical Dystonia Patients Drawing the Course of Disease: A Pilot Study.
[AIM OF THE STUDY] To compare the course of severity of cervical dystonia (CD) before and after long-term botulinum toxin (BoNT) therapy to detect indicators for a good or poor clinical outcome. [PATIENTS AND METHODS] A total of 74 outpati…
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"Pseudo"-Secondary Treatment Failure Explained via Disease Progression and Effective Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Pilot Simulation Study.
[BACKGROUND] The objective of this study was to provide evidence from a simple simulation. In patients with focal dystonia, an initial good response to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections followed by a secondary worsening does not necess…
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The Use of High Initial Doses of Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Cervical Dystonia Is a Risk Factor for Neutralizing Antibody Formation-A Monocentric Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.
: The present study aims to analyze the complex patient/treating physician interaction at onset of botulinum toxin (BoNT) therapy in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) and the influence of high initial doses on long-term outcom…
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The complex relationship between antibody titers and clinical outcome in botulinum toxin type A long-term treated patients with cervical dystonia.
[BACKGROUND] Repeated injections with abo- or onabotulinumtoxin type A (aboBoNT/A, onaBoNT/A) may lead to induction of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) and/or a secondary treatment failure (STF). The relation between NABs and STF is still unc…
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The impact of the initial severity on later outcome: retrospective analysis of a large cohort of botulinum toxin naïve patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia.
[BACKGROUND] The aim of study was to demonstrate that the first three injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) appear to be less effective in botulinum toxin naïve patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) with mild symptoms…
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Long-term adherence and response to botulinum toxin in different indications.
[OBJECTIVE] The objective of the study was the analysis of adherence and self-perceived treatment response to long-term botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment in different neurological indications. [METHODS] In this retrospective, …
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The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Lockdown on a Botulinum Toxin Outpatient Clinic in Germany.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) injections have to be administered repeatedly to achieve a rather stable, high level of improvement. This study aimed to take a look at changes in the daily routine of a BoNT/A outpatient clinic due to t…
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Clinical Improvement After Treatment With IncobotulinumtoxinA (XEOMIN®) in Patients With Cervical Dystonia Resistant to Botulinum Toxin Preparations Containing Complexing Proteins.
This study investigated the clinical long-term effect of incobotulinumtoxinA (incoBoNT/A) in 33 cervical dystonia (CD) patients who had developed partial secondary therapy failure (PSTF) under previous long-term botulinum toxin (BoNT) treat…
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Comparing soleus injections and gastrocnemius injections of botulinum toxin for treating adult spastic foot drop: a monocentric observational study.
[OBJECTIVE] Outcome differences between selective abobotulinumtoxin type A (aboBoNT/A) injections into the soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles were investigated in post-stroke patients with spastic foot drop. [METHODS] A monocentr…
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Effective Treatment of Neurological Symptoms with Normal Doses of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Wilson's Disease: Six Cases and Literature Review.
[BACKGROUND] Recent cell-based and animal experiments have demonstrated an effective reduction in botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) by copper. [AIM] We aimed to analyze whether the successful symptomatic BoNT/A treatment of patients with Wil…
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Enhanced Effect of Botulinum Toxin A Injections into the Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle after Local Mechanical Leg Vibration: A Case Report.
[BACKGROUND] The aim of this study was to demonstrate an increase in muscle action potentials and an enhancement of the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BoNT) after mechanical leg vibration. [METHODS] A 53-year-old healthy male volunteer under…
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Continuous Increase of Efficacy under Repetitive Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type/A beyond the First Treatment for Adult Spastic Foot Drop.
The objective of this study was to quantify the increase in efficacy during the first four cycles of treatment with botulinum toxin type/A (BoNT/A) in 24 free-walking BoNT/A naïve adult patients with post-stroke hemispasticity and spastic f…
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The Impact of the Course of Disease before Botulinum Toxin Therapy on the Course of Treatment and Long-Term Outcome in Cervical Dystonia.
This study analyses the influence of the course of the disease of idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) before botulinum toxin (BoNT) therapy on long-term outcomes. 74 CD-patients who were treated on a regular basis in the botulinum toxin outpa…
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Effectiveness of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Post-stroke Upper Limb Spasticity in Relation to Timing of Treatment.
Recent studies of botulinum toxin for post-stroke spasticity indicate potential benefits of early treatment (i. e., first 6 months) in terms of developing hypertonicity, pain and passive function limitations. This non-interventional, longit…
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Effective long-term treatment with incobotulinumtoxin (Xeomin®) without neutralizing antibody induction: a monocentric, cross-sectional study.
[BACKGROUND] Among the spectrum of licensed botulinum neurotoxin preparations incobotulinumtoxin (incoBoNT/A; Xeomin®) is the only one which does not contain complex proteins. Therefore, incoBoNT/A has been suggested to have a low antigenic…
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Clinical Implications of Difference in Antigenicity of Different Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Preparations: Clinical Take-Home Messages from Our Research Pool and Literature.
The three different botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) preparations being licensed in Europe and the U.S. differ in protein content, which seems to be a major factor influencing the antigenicity of BoNT/A. In the present study, several argumen…
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Transient Improvement after Switch to Low Doses of RimabotulinumtoxinB in Patients Resistant to AbobotulinumtoxinA.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type B (BoNT/B) has been recommended as an alternative for patients who have become resistant to botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A). This study aimed to compare the clinical effect, within a patient, of four inject…
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Disease Progression of Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia in Spite of Improvement After Botulinum Toxin Therapy.
To demonstrate general progression of symptoms in cervical dystonia (CD) on the one hand and improvement of some special symptoms on the other hand after botulinum toxin (BoNT) therapy. 74 patients with idiopathic CD under continuous treat…
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The Extreme Ends of the Treatment Response Spectrum to Botulinum Toxin in Cervical Dystonia.
[BACKGROUND] The response to BoNT is not uniform; a broad spectrum of responses and side-effects usually occurs. This study aimed to show special cervical dystonia cases with therapy response very different to normal treatment course which …
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Clinical relevance of neutralizing antibodies in botulinum toxin long-term treated still-responding patients with cervical dystonia.
[BACKGROUND] The aim of the study was to test the clinical relevance of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) still responding to repeat injections with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A). [METHODS] Enzyme-lin…
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Quality of life in long-term botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dystonia: Results of a cross sectional study.
[INTRODUCTION] Patients' rating of the effectiveness of and quality of life after long-term botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection therapy up to 22 years and treating physician's rating of the therapy effect in patients with idiopathic cervical d…
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Improvement of upper trunk posture during walking in hemiplegic patients after injections of botulinum toxin into the arm.
[BACKGROUND] It has been hypothesized that altered trunk movements during gait in post-stroke patients or children with cerebral palsy are compensatory to lower limb impairment. Improvement of trunk movements and posture after injections of…
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High Botulinum Toxin-Neutralizing Antibody Prevalence Under Long-Term Cervical Dystonia Treatment.
[BACKGROUND] The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in a large cohort of long-term treated patients with cervical dystonia (CD) still responding to repetitive injections with botulinum toxin (BoNT).…