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Iatrogenic botulism: a risk for botulinum toxin's medical use?
Botulinum toxin (BT) is infamous for its extreme toxicity. If it enters the bloodstream, it can cause botulism presenting with a typical pattern of motor and autonomic dysfunction. An international expert panel organised by IAB-Interdiscipl…
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Nontoxic, multi-domain botulinum neurotoxin-LCHC as vaccines against botulism.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the causative agents of botulism, are proteins consisting of an N-terminal catalytic Light Chain (LC) and a C-terminal Heavy Chain (HC), which comprises a LC-translocation domain (HC) and a receptor binding do…
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Investigation of Salicylanilides as Botulinum Toxin Antagonists.
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the most potent toxin and as a Tier 1 biowarfare agent. The severity and longevity of botulism stemming from BoNT/A is of sign…
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How Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain A1 Maintains Stable Association with the Intracellular Neuronal Plasma Membrane.
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is the most potent protein toxin for humans and is utilized as a therapy for numerous neurologic diseases. BoNT/A comprises a catalytic Light Chain (LC/A) and a Heavy Chain (HC/A) and includes eight …
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Posttranslational Regulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Production in Clostridium botulinum Hall A-.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most toxic substances known to humankind and are the causative agents of the neuroparalytic disease botulism. Despite the overall importance of BoNTs in public health and safety, as a bioterrorism conce…
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Catch and Anchor Approach To Combat Both Toxicity and Longevity of Botulinum Toxin A.
Botulinum neurotoxins have remarkable persistence (∼weeks to months in cells), outlasting the small-molecule inhibitors designed to target them. To address this disconnect, inhibitors bearing two pharmacophores-a zinc binding group and a Cy…
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A Study and Review of Effects of Botulinum Toxins on Mast Cell Dependent and Independent Pruritus.
Pruriceptive itch originates following activation of peripheral sensory nerve terminals when pruritogens come in contact with the skin. The ability of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) to attenuate transmitter release from afferent terminals pr…
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The Light Chain Defines the Duration of Action of Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Subtypes.
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the causative agent of botulism and a widely used pharmaceutical to treat a variety of neurological diseases. BoNTs are 150-kDa protein toxins organized into heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) domains linke…
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Small molecule metalloprotease inhibitor with in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo efficacy against botulinum neurotoxin serotype A.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most toxic substances known to mankind and are the causative agents of the neuroparalytic disease botulism. Their ease of production and extreme toxicity have caused these neurotoxins to be classified a…
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A Novel Botulinum Neurotoxin, Previously Reported as Serotype H, Has a Hybrid-Like Structure With Regions of Similarity to the Structures of Serotypes A and F and Is Neutralized With Serotype A Antitoxin.
Botulism is a potentially fatal paralytic disease caused by the action of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) on nerve cells. There are 7 known serotypes (A-G) of BoNT and up to 40 genetic variants. Clostridium botulinum strain IBCA10-7060 was rece…