비대칭 Asymmetry

[BACKGROUND] Unresolved facial asymmetry remains a common cause of postoperative dissatisfaction after rhinoplasty, and eyes are key determinants of asymmetric perception. Although the nose is considered the central pivot of facial developm…

[BACKGROUND] Oro-ocular synkinesis is a common sequela of facial paralysis, characterized by involuntary eyelid closure during oral movement. Although botulinum toxin (BTX) is the first-line therapy, its transient effect necessitates repeat…

[BACKGROUND] Traditional neck rejuvenation-liposuction, platysmaplasty, and skin redraping-overlooks intrinsic mandibular-cervical asymmetry,digastric insertions, platysmal discontinuity, submandibular gland descent, and age-related hyoid r…

[BACKGROUND] The author presents his own experience using breast implants (BIs) or fat grafting, commonly called lipofilling (LPF), to correct breast hypoplasia. [OBJECTIVES] Compare the aesthetic results obtained in a study group (SG) usi…

[BACKGROUND] Energy-based devices have been promoted as an alternative to surgery. Recent publications have advocated their use as an off-label nonsurgical breast lift. However, objective measurements on standardized photographs are lacking…

Aesthetically attractive eyelids typically exhibit a combination of features, including ideal eyebrow height, volume, and contour; appropriate eyelid height and shape; harmonious upper eyelid fullness; and a balanced amount of visible tarsa…

[BACKGROUND] Full-incision double eyelid blepharoplasty is a widely sought-after procedure in East Asia. However, tarsus-skin or levator aponeurosis-skin fixation techniques may lead to deep folds and scarring. This study aimed to evaluate …

[BACKGROUND] High-eyelid crease (HC) is one of the most common complications following blepharoplasty and is often accompanied by sunken upper eyelid, scar adhesion, or blepharoptosis, posing significant clinical challenges. Based on the an…

[BACKGROUND] Nasal septum deviation can contribute to facial asymmetry by affecting skeletal and soft tissue balance. This technical report presents a 23-year-old female who developed recurrent septal deviation and facial asymmetry after rh…

Aesthetic motivations have increasingly guided patient decisions in orthognathic surgery, particularly in private practice. This study presents descriptive observations from a single private practice, with a focus on patient motivations, su…

[BACKGROUND] Postoperative nasal obstruction and asymmetry can compromise satisfaction after rhinoplasty. Internal nasal dilators (INDs) may support early healing by maintaining valve patency and symmetry, but their postoperative efficacy h…

[BACKGROUND] Oral cavity cancers are highly invasive malignancies, typically treated with a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Surgical intervention requires the removal of all affected tissues, including the mandibular ba…

[BACKGROUND] The lower face, particularly the neck contour, is an essential element of facial rejuvenation. One of the most effective tools for removing accumulating fat and redraping the neck skin is liposuction, requiring appropriate pati…

[BACKGROUND] Post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) improves oncological outcomes of high-risk patients with breast cancer. However, its impact on breast reconstruction remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of PMRT in b…

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used for non-surgical facial contouring, but vascular occlusion remains one of the most feared complications due to its potential to cause necrosis, functional impairment, and permanent deformities. C…

[BACKGROUND] Cervical dystonia (CD) may affect not only head posture but also gait and balance. The relationship between quantitative gait abnormalities and perceived disability, the contribution of head tremor (HT) and the impact of botuli…

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is widely used in the management of neurological disorders and in aesthetic medicine. Although generally safe, facial injections may be associated with complications with relevant functional or aesthetic impact. This …

Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP), a chronic condition resulting from nerve damage and characterized by altered sensory signaling and central sensitization, poses significant therapeutic challenges. Botulinum toxin (BTX), known for neuromus…

Facial symmetry is a key determinant of aesthetic harmony and psychosocial well-being. Iatrogenic asymmetry is a recognized complication of botulinum toxin injections and may cause both functional and emotional distress. Contralateral botul…

Various surgical options exist for correcting long, hyperprojected chins, including modified genioplasty techniques, pogonion burring, soft tissue rejuvenation, and custom implants. These can be performed as standalone procedures or in conj…