Thyroid hormones directly alter human hair follicle functions: anagen prolongation and stimulation of both hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and hair pigmentation.
5/5 보강
TL;DR
The first evidence that human HFs are direct targets of thyroid hormones is presented and it is demonstrated that T3 and/or T4 modulate multiple hair biology parameters, ranging from HF cycling to pigmentation.
🔎 핵심 키워드
색소침착 ×2
안면거상술
hair matrix keratinocyte
모발
피부
organ-cultured
hair matrix keratinocytes
갑상선
전체 NER ↓
📑 코퍼스 인용 관계
· 인용됨 19
📑 인용한 논문 (6) ▾
- Targeting the Gut Microbiota with Pro- and Postbiotics: Emerging Strategies against Alopec… Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026
- Real-world pharmacovigilance insights into drug-induced risk of alopecia. Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025
- The Hormonal Background of Hair Loss in Non-Scarring Alopecias. Biomedicines · 2024
- Low Molecular Weight Collagen Peptide (LMWCP) Promotes Hair Growth by Activating the Wnt/G… Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024
- Integrative and Mechanistic Approach to the Hair Growth Cycle and Hair Loss. Journal of clinical medicine · 2023
- Hair Follicles as a Critical Model for Monitoring the Circadian Clock. International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
연도별 인용 (2012–2026) · 합계 138
OpenAlex 토픽 ·
Hair Growth and Disorders
Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
Skin and Cellular Biology Research
🇰🇷 한글 요약 🌐 Abstract
【연구 목적】
갑상선 호르몬(T3 및 T4)의 과다 또는 부족이 모발 및 피부 구조와 기능에 영향을 미친다는 점은 알려져 있으나, 이 호르몬들이 인간 모낭(HF)에 직접적으로 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 그 기전이 무엇인지에 대한 명확한 증거가 부족하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 인공 배양 환경에서 T3와 T4가 인간 모낭의 기능, 특히 모발 성장 주기 및 색소에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
【방법】
40세에서 69세(평균 56세)의 정상 갑상선 기능을 가진 여성들의 얼굴성형술(rhytidectomy) 시 절제된 피부에서 얻은 모낭을 분리하여 조직 배양하였다. 분리된 모낭에 T3와 T4를 처리하여 모질 각화세포의 증식과 세포사멸(apoptosis) 정도, 모발 성장기(anagen) 지속 시간, 갑상선 호르몬 반응성 케라틴의 발현, 그리고 멜라닌 합성 등을 분석하였다.
【주요 결과】
T4는 모질 각화세포의 증식을 촉진하고 세포사멸을 억제하며, 모발 성장기(anagen)를 연장시켰다. 이는 TGF-beta2, 즉 모발 성장을 억제하는 주요 성장 인자의 발현이 감소했기 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 인간 모낭은 T4를 T3로 전환할 수 있는 효소 유전자(D2 및 D3)를 발현하며, T3와 T4 처리는 모낭 내 케라틴 6의 증가와 케라틴 14의 감소를 유발했다. 아울러 두 호르몬 모두 모낭 내 멜라닌 합성을 유의미하게 자극하였다.
【임상적 시사점 (성형외과 의사 관점)】
성형외과 의사는 얼굴성형술(rhytidectomy) 등 수술 전 환자의 갑상선 기능 검사를 통해 모발 상태의 기저 질환을 평가할 수 있다. 갑상선 기능 이상은 모낭의 직접적인 표적 부위이므로, 수술 후 모발 손실이나 색소 변화가 발생할 경우 갑상선 호르몬 수치를 재평가하는 것이 중요하다. T3/T4가 모발 성장기를 연장하고 색소 형성을 촉진한다는 점은, 모발 재건이나 탈모 치료에서 갑상선 호르몬 대사를 고려한 약물 선택의 근거가 될 수 있다. 또한 모낭 내 케라틴 발현 패턴의 변화는 모낭의 건강 상태와 세포 분화 과정을 모니터링하는 생물표지자로 활용될 여지가 있다. 수술 중 모낭 이식이나 모발 관련 시술 시 환자의 전신 내분비 상태를 종합적으로 판단하여 예후를 예측하는 데 도움이 된다.
[CONTEXT] Both insufficient and excess levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) can result in altered hair/skin structure and function (e.g. effluvium). However, it is still unclear whether T3 and T4 exert any direct effects on human hair follicles (HFs), and if so, how exactly human HFs respond to T3/T4 stimulation.
[OBJECTIVE] Our objective was to asses the impact of T3/T4 on human HF in vitro.
[METHODS] Human anagen HFs were isolated from skin obtained from females undergoing facelift surgery. HFs from euthyroid females between 40 and 69 yr (average, 56 yr) were cultured and treated with T3/T4.
[RESULTS] Studying microdissected, organ-cultured normal human scalp HFs, we show here that T4 up-regulates the proliferation of hair matrix keratinocytes, whereas their apoptosis is down-regulated by T3 and T4. T4 also prolongs the duration of the hair growth phase (anagen) in vitro, possibly due to the down-regulation of TGF-beta2, the key anagen-inhibitory growth factor. Because we show here that human HFs transcribe deiodinase genes (D2 and D3), they may be capable of converting T4 to T3. Intrafollicular immunoreactivity for the recognized thyroid hormone-responsive keratins cytokeratin (CK) 6 and CK14 is significantly modulated by T3 and T4 (CK6 is enhanced, CK14 down-regulated). Both T3 and T4 also significantly stimulate intrafollicular melanin synthesis.
[CONCLUSIONS] Thus, we present the first evidence that human HFs are direct targets of thyroid hormones and demonstrate that T3 and/or T4 modulate multiple hair biology parameters, ranging from HF cycling to pigmentation.
[OBJECTIVE] Our objective was to asses the impact of T3/T4 on human HF in vitro.
[METHODS] Human anagen HFs were isolated from skin obtained from females undergoing facelift surgery. HFs from euthyroid females between 40 and 69 yr (average, 56 yr) were cultured and treated with T3/T4.
[RESULTS] Studying microdissected, organ-cultured normal human scalp HFs, we show here that T4 up-regulates the proliferation of hair matrix keratinocytes, whereas their apoptosis is down-regulated by T3 and T4. T4 also prolongs the duration of the hair growth phase (anagen) in vitro, possibly due to the down-regulation of TGF-beta2, the key anagen-inhibitory growth factor. Because we show here that human HFs transcribe deiodinase genes (D2 and D3), they may be capable of converting T4 to T3. Intrafollicular immunoreactivity for the recognized thyroid hormone-responsive keratins cytokeratin (CK) 6 and CK14 is significantly modulated by T3 and T4 (CK6 is enhanced, CK14 down-regulated). Both T3 and T4 also significantly stimulate intrafollicular melanin synthesis.
[CONCLUSIONS] Thus, we present the first evidence that human HFs are direct targets of thyroid hormones and demonstrate that T3 and/or T4 modulate multiple hair biology parameters, ranging from HF cycling to pigmentation.
【연구 목적】 갑상선 호르몬(T3 및 T4)의 과다 또는 부족이 모발 및 피부 구조와 기능에 영향을 미친다는 점은 알려져 있으나, 이 호르몬들이 인간 모낭(HF)에 직접적으로 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 그 기전이 무엇인지에 대한 명확한 증거가 부족하였다.
APA 7
N, v. B., E, B., Kromminga, A., E, G., Meyer, K., Zmijewski, M. A., Slominski, A., Wenzel, B. E., & Paus, R. (2008). Thyroid hormones directly alter human hair follicle functions: Anagen prolongation and stimulation of both hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and hair pigmentation.. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 93(11), 4381-8. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-0283
Vancouver
N vB, E B, Kromminga A, E G, Meyer K, Zmijewski MA, et al. Thyroid hormones directly alter human hair follicle functions: anagen prolongation and stimulation of both hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and hair pigmentation. Jour. clin. endo. meta.. 2008;93(11):4381-8. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0283
AMA 11
N vB, E B, Kromminga A, E G, Meyer K, Zmijewski MA, et al. Thyroid hormones directly alter human hair follicle functions: anagen prolongation and stimulation of both hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and hair pigmentation. Jour. clin. endo. meta.. 2008;93(11):4381-8. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0283
Chicago
N, v. B., E, B., Kromminga, A., E, G., Meyer, K., Zmijewski, M. A., Slominski, A., Wenzel, B. E., and Paus, R.. 2008. "Thyroid hormones directly alter human hair follicle functions: anagen prolongation and stimulation of both hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and hair pigmentation." The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 93 (11): 4381-8. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-0283
MLA 9
N, v. B., et al. "Thyroid hormones directly alter human hair follicle functions: anagen prolongation and stimulation of both hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and hair pigmentation." The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, vol. 93, no. 11, 2008, pp. 4381-8. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0283.
PMID
18728176 ↗
추출된 의학 개체 (NER)
전체 NER 표 보기
| 유형 | 영어 표현 | 한국어 / 풀이 | UMLS CUI | 출처 | 등장 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 합병증 | pigmentation
|
색소침착 | dict | 2 | |
| 시술 | facelift
|
안면거상술 | dict | 1 | |
| 해부 | hair matrix keratinocyte
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 해부 | hair
|
모발 | scispacy | 1 | |
| 해부 | skin
|
피부 | scispacy | 1 | |
| 해부 | organ-cultured
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 해부 | hair matrix keratinocytes
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 해부 | thyroid
|
갑상선 | scispacy | 1 | |
| 해부 | intrafollicular melanin synthesis
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 합병증 | Thyroid hormones
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 약물 | effluvium
|
C0263519
Anagen effluvium
|
scispacy | 1 | |
| 질환 | thyroid hormones
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 질환 | T3 and T4
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 질환 | HFs
→ hair follicles
|
반안면왜소증(HFS) | scispacy | 1 | |
| 질환 | T3/T4
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 질환 | T3 and/or T4
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | human hair follicle
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | human hair follicles
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | human HFs
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | human
|
인체 | scispacy | 1 | |
| 기타 | Human anagen HFs
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | human scalp HFs
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | hair
|
모발 | scispacy | 1 | |
| 기타 | TGF-beta2
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | deiodinase
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | keratins cytokeratin
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | CK14
|
scispacy | 1 | ||
| 기타 | CK6
|
scispacy | 1 |
🏷️ 키워드 / MeSH 📖 같은 키워드 OA만
인용 관계
그래프 OA 노드: 8/8 (100%)
· 참조 0편 · 후속 8편
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🏷️ 같은 키워드 · 무료전문 — 이 논문 MeSH/keyword 기반
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