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The surgical approach to facial rejuvenation has evolved significantly over the last century. As surgeons have deepened their understanding of facial anatomy over the last half century, so have their surgical approaches to the rhytidectomy,…

[BACKGROUND] Every region of the face may bear the signs of aging. Treating isolated areas without adequate anatomical knowledge can lead to incomplete or artificial-looking results and decrease patient satisfaction. The authors' "Full SMAS…

Rhytidectomy has made great progress in the past 50 years, especially after the proposition of the concept of superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). Our previous research had classified SMAS rhytidectomy into basic SMAS rhytidectomy …

Reconstructive rhytidectomy, commonly known as facelift surgery, is a prominent cosmetic procedure aimed at rejuvenating facial appearance by addressing signs of aging. This paper critically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of var…

[BACKGROUND] The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is crucial for the structural integrity and dynamics of facial expressions and is a particularly important consideration during facelift surgeries. This study investigated the an…

[BACKGROUND] The vector of aging and consequently the vector of lift in rhytidectomy has aided surgeons in improving movement of tissues during facial rejuvenation procedures. [OBJECTIVES] The goal was to analyze the vector of lift in pati…

[BACKGROUND] A face-lift or rhytidectomy is the procedure most directly associated with rejuvenation. There are several surgical techniques for face-lifts, but criteria for the selection of techniques, based on the patient's face shape, are…

In this article, the authors describe their preferred advanced deep-plane techniques and modifications that have universally improved outcomes and durability in both men and women. Performing a proper extended deep-plane facelift and neck l…

[BACKGROUND] Most face-lift techniques greatly improve the lower face; however, techniques for lifting the midface are limited and difficult. Original deep-plane face lift is a way to lift the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and skin …

The plethora of facelift techniques described in literature suggests that no single method addresses all age-related changes in facial anatomy. To reduce the limitations of a single approach, a multimodal technique is recommended. Craniofac…

Deeply etched forehead creases indicate aging. Various treatments such as filler injections, fat grafting, and facelift surgery are used to remove them. However, knowledge of the anatomical structures associated with subcutaneous tissue cha…

The aged neck is the most common motivator for patients seeking facial rejuvenation. Unlike the deflated midface, surgical treatment is still the gold standard for optimal outcomes. It is our view that the majority etiology of both the aged…

[BACKGROUND] Facelift procedures are a popular method of facial rejuvenation. The most common technique is superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) plication, with several variations. However, the optimal approach remains unclear. Thi…

[BACKGROUND] In our prior study, the authors determined that pulling on the superficial adipose layer is more effective in lifting the skin than pulling on the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). Applying this concept of using the…

In deep plane rhytidectomy, it is accepted that a more vertical vector will lead to a more natural rejuvenated look than a horizontal vector of pull. Among patients undergoing deep plane rhytidectomy, can skin angle measurements designed b…

[BACKGROUND] Cervicofacial rhytidectomies are one of the most common procedures in the United States. There are many different methods and techniques involved, but all aim to minimize blood loss and procedure time. In our study, we investig…

The main and more frequent problem in face lift is recurrence of neck bands. To improve face lift stability, a new aging analysis is proposed. The visible sign of face aging is skin excess. Superficial musculo aponeurotic system (SMAS) retr…

Lifting the temporal and mid-face areas creates a very dynamic change in the facial appearance and different planes of dissection were described before. In this article, a new plane of dissection is described which allows the surgeon to per…

[BACKGROUND] This study considers observers' reflexive responses to the rejuvenated face, and how instinctive responses relate to subjective judgment. We investigated observers' reflexive perception of faces both pre and post surgical inter…

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005199.].…