Dressler D ⚠ 동명이인 가능성

Spasticity is a symptom occurring in many neurological conditions including stroke, multiple sclerosis, hypoxic brain damage, traumatic brain injury, tumours and heredodegenerative diseases. It affects large numbers of patients and may caus…

Botulinum toxin (BT) is provided by several manufacturers producing a number of different drugs. Their potency is given in internationally standardised mouse units (MU). Clinical practise, however, reveals that the potency labelling of diff…

Botulinum toxin (BT) is the treatment of choice for hemifacial spasm (HFS). When BT is injected into the affected side, patients may experience increased facial asymmetry. We wanted to evaluate in a prospective, randomised, placebo-controll…

Botulinum toxin (BT) can stimulate formation of BT antibodies (BTAB) thus producing Antibody-Induced Therapy Failure (ABTF). BTAB titres may drop eventually. When BT therapy is then re-started with conventional BT drugs, BTAB titres re-incr…

Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy is an established treatment of spasticity due to stroke. For multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity this is not the case. IAB-Interdisciplinary Working Group for Movement Disorders formed a task force to explore the…

Blepharospasm may be accompanied by eyelid opening apraxia (EOA) reducing the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BT) therapy. The frontalis suspension operation (FSO) is then the only effective treatment option available. We want to report the fi…

Chronic migraine (CM) is a severely disabling neurological condition characterized by episodes of pulsating unilateral or bilateral headache. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) for the p…

The therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxin (BT) can be completely blocked by formation of BT antibodies (BTAB), thus producing antibody-induced therapy failure (ABTF). One of the risk factors for this is the interval between two subsequent…

[BACKGROUND] AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) was distributed for many years in vials containing 500MU (D500). Recently a new 300MU vial (D300) was additionally introduced (introduction). We wanted to explore whether more differentiated packag…

Botulinum toxin (BT) is used in many medical specialties to treat muscle hyperactivity, exocrine gland hyperactivity and pain disorders. BT drugs consist of botulinum neurotoxin (BNT), complexing proteins (CP) and excipients. Antibodies can…

Botulinum toxin (BT) has long been infamous in food safety and biological warfare. In the early 1970s, Alan B Scott of San Francisco invented its therapeutic use originally in extraocular eye muscles to treat strabismus using a therapeutic …

Botulinum toxin is now used for numerous indications including dystonias, spasticity, cerebral palsy, hyperhidrosis, cosmetics and chronic migraine. It has to be injected into its target tissues thus causing injection site pain. We wanted t…

Botulinum neurotoxin (BNT), the biologically active component of botulinum toxin (BT), is a large double-stranded protein susceptible to various physical and chemical influences. All BT type A (BT-A) drugs are stored as powders allowing she…

Treatment of dystonias is generally symptomatic. To produce sufficient therapy effects, therefore, frequently a multimodal and interdisciplinary therapeutic approach becomes necessary, combining botulinum toxin therapy, deep brain stimulati…

The global botulinum toxin (BT) market is currently undergoing rapid changes: this may be the time to review the history and the future of BT drug development. Since the early 1990s Botox(®) and Dysport(®) dominated the international BT mar…

Botulinum toxin (BT) is injected intramuscularily and may produce injection site pain (ISP). We wanted to explore whether the pH value of the reconstituted BT drug contributes to ISP and, if so, what strategies can be applied to reduce it. …

Botulinum toxin was shown to be effective in treatment of chronic migraine. We wanted to explore its efficacy and tolerability in chronic application under real-life conditions. For this, 27 consecutive patients (age 45.6 ± 10.8 years, 25 f…

Most botulinum toxin (BT) drugs are stored as powders which need to be reconstituted with normal saline before clinical use. As botulinum neurotoxin (BNT), the therapeutically active ingredient, is a large double-stranded protein the proces…

[OBJECTIVE] To gather data about the medical and non-medical health service in patients suffering from post-stroke spasticity of the upper limb and evaluate treatment effectiveness and tolerability as well as costs over the treatment period…

Cervical dystonia is a neurological movement disorder causing abnormal posture of the head. It may be accompanied by involuntary movements which are sometimes tremulous. The condition has marked effects on patients' self-image, and adversel…

Continuous intrathecal Baclofen application (ITB) through an intracorporeal pump system is widely used in adults and children with spasticity of spinal and supraspinal origin. Currently, about 1200 new ITB pump systems are implanted in Germ…